Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) refers to the technology that facilitates storage of a large amount of data and information in components such as tags, responders, or chips. The stored information can be read from a distance through special readers without necessarily establishing a line of sight (Shakiba, Zavvari, Aleebrahim, & Singh Adidas Dame 4 UK , 2016). RFID tags are usually smaller in size thus occupying negligible space during the transportation process. The main purpose of implementing RFID in transport industry is to facilitate monitoring, surveillance, and tracking of goods as well as the means of transport. RFID has facilitated reduction of issues involving theft, loss of items accurate determining of the amount of fuel consumption-n and payment of tolls on roads. Traffic police also implement RFID technology in controlling traffic as well as facilitating effective communication on roads through the use of radars. In logistics, RFID technology is applied in facilitating effective and efficient operations in supply chain management. In the supply chain, RFID technology is applied in Fleet management Adidas Prophere UK , inventory control, distribution, managing and controlling warehouse operations well as monitoring tracks on transit. The paper provides acceptable current standards, components making up RFID technology, and frequencies that facilitate transmission of data and information in RFID technology.
RFID Standards used in Transportation and Logistics Industry
The main RFID standards applied in most industries in the world can be classified into two groups namely the Electronic Product Code (EPC) technology standard and ISO 18000 standard. EPC global manages and controls electronic part of the RFID components. EPC Global is an international organization funded by industries that focus on implementing international RFID standards for uniform operations in supply transport and logistics industries. EPC is designed for identifying the manufacturer, object class and a serial number of the item. EPC Global standard classifies RFID tags into five categories namely zero Adidas Yeezy Boost 350 V2 UK , first, second, third, and fourth class. Category zero is the read-only passive tag that holds a maximum of 64 bits (Trina, 2010). First class tags are the written once but can be read severally. It is designed to hold a minimum of 96 bits. The second class passive tag can be read as well as be written as many times as possible requiring a minimum of 96 bits. Class three tags are characterized by the presence of battery powered semi-active tags. The presence of a battery enhances that tags to cover a wide range of signals in a wider geographical area. Fourth class refers to read and write transmitters that have active tags. EPC Global standard is mainly adopted in commercial operations (Trina, 2010).
International Standards Organization (ISO) has developed many RFID standards for defining automatic identification as well as items control and management. The standard is referred to as ISO 18000 series. It covers air interface protocol for all systems used in tracking goods and components in transport and logistics (Bob Adidas Yeezy Boost 350 UK , 2005). The seven ISO 18000 standards include
18000–1: defines general parameters for air interfaces communication for globally accepted frequencies between RFID readers and tags18000–2: defines air interface standards that cover frequency band with less than 135 KHz or low frequency (Bob, 2005).18000–3: defines standards that cover is for a frequency band of 13.56 MHz or high frequency (Bob, 2005).18000–4: defines a standard that covers a frequency band of 2.45 GHz also called microwave frequency (Bob, 2005).18000–5: defines a standard that covers a frequency band of 5.8 GHz (Bob, 2005).18000–6: defines a standard that covers a frequency band of 860 MHz to 930 MHz also called ultra high frequency (Bob, 2005).18000–7: defines a standard that covers a frequency band of 433.92 MHz also called ultra high frequency (Bob Adidas Ultra Boost Mens UK , 2005).
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12.04.2019 05:34
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